![]() Other evidence links ADHD with a more extreme evening sleep chronotype. From a treatment perspective, says Becker, it is important to know how the population being treated is affected by chronotype. Teens with ADHD tend to have much higher rates of daytime sleepiness and insomnia compared to peers without ADHD. Teens with ADHD tend to have lots of sleep problems, Becker says. While the study may hold important implications for the treatment of ADHD patients, Becker says the finding likely extends to the population more generally. ![]() Becker and his colleagues surveyed 80 adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and found that participants with a later chronotype reported significantly higher levels of daytime sleepiness than those with an earlier chronotype, regardless of how long they had slept. This was the case for a preliminary study published last month led by Stephen Becker, a psychologist at the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine. Nonetheless, researchers typically determine chronotype by asking people questions about when they would wake up and go to sleep if they were free to set their own schedules, says Oren. People who have an evening chronotype, for instance, release melatonin, a hormone associated with sleep, at a later time of night than people with a morning chronotype. Up late, can’t concentrateĬhronotype is considered to be biologically hardwired, not just a preference, says Dan Oren, a psychiatrist at Yale School of Medicine. More speculative treatments include light therapy, in which exposing a person to light at certain times is used to “reset” the body’s sleeping and waking patterns. These include medications for ADHD that are less likely to worsen daytime sleepiness in night owls. Some researchers are already saying that addressing questions about chronotype’s broader influence on human health could lead to new and more effective treatments for night owls. But new research suggests that chronotype could also influence outcomes beyond depression, including obesity, ADHD and diabetes. Given how strenuous getting up in the morning can be for this quarter of people who are night owls, it might not be surprising that research has linked evening chronotype with mood disorders like depression. ![]() About half of Americans have a chronotype in between these two extremes - according to a 2017 study recording sleep patterns of over 50,000 people in the United States - the other half are split almost evenly between strong morning or evening chronotypes. This tendency of either “morningness” or “eveningness” is what scientists call a person’s chronotype. This scenario might sound familiar to many “night owls,” or people who tend to feel their best in the afternoon or evening rather than the morning. ![]() But you know that if you can just make it through the morning, you’ll be fine. When you finally make it out of bed, your eyelids feel like concrete, and your thoughts feel slow and muddy. You were barely tired when you went to bed, but now you can’t help but hit snooze to catch just a few more minutes of rest. Avoiding Risk at Your Own Risk Zach Gottlieb ![]()
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